Ted Cruz’s Immigration Amendment: Undocumented Individuals Can Never Ever Be Citizens

As expected, several U.S. senators opposed to the bipartisan comprehensive immigration reform bill are beginning to submit hundreds of amendments to the bill. We won’t get into the details here, but of all the amendments submitted, this one by Senator Ted Cruz easily wins the Washington #NoMames award for this week.

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Basically, Cruz is saying this:

This is coming from a Canadian-born politician whose dad fled Cuba in the late 1950s. Incredibly sad to see. Our prediction: Ted Cruz’s 15 minutes of fame is starting to flicker. By 2018, when he is up for re-election, Texas will be purple. We hope he enjoys his only term in the Senate.

The “Are You Latino Enough?” Issue Rears Its Ugly Head Again: Richardson Slams Cruz

Let’s be real for just a moment. Why do politicians have to question Latino politicians’ “Latinidad?” It happened last year when conservatives claimed that San Antonio mayor Julián Castro didn’t fit the Latino bill because he didn’t speak Spanish well, and now it is happening again with former New Mexico governor Bill Richardson (D) and Texas Senator Ted Cruz (R).

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This Sunday Richardson said that Texas Senator Ted Cruz (R) “should not be defined as a Hispanic.” Here is the clip.

QUESTION: What does [Bill Richardson] think of Ted Cruz.

BILL RICHARDSON: I’m not a fan. I know [Ted Cruz is] sort of the Republican latest flavor. He’s articulate. He seems to be charismatic, but I don’t like his politics. I think he introduces a measure of incivility in the political process. Insulting people is not the way to go. But I guess he’s a force in the Republican political system, but I’m not a fan.

QUESTION: Do you think he represents most Hispanics with his politics?

RICHARDSON: No, no. He’s anti-immigration. Almost every Hispanic in the country wants to see immigration reform. No, I don’t think he should be defined as a Hispanic. He’s a politician from Texas. A conservative state. And I respect Texas’ choice. But what I don’t like is… when you try to get things done, it’s okay to be strong and state your views, your ideology. But I’ve seen him demean the office, be rude to other senators, not be part of, I think, the civility that is really needed in Washington.

Granted, Cruz has his issues, one of his biggest being the fact that he was born in Canada to a Cuban dad and an American mom, but he is still sounds like a nativist tool when it comes to the immigration debate. But did Richardson have to go after the guy’s identity? Was it too far? We think so.

The political reaction, as you can imagine, has not been good for Richardson, and the next day, he had to clarify his comments. Here is what FOX News Latino reported:

On Fox News Channel’s “Studio B w/ Shepard Smith,” the former presidential candidate was asked about the remarks at the end of an interview involving foreign policy.

“That was a misunderstanding,” Richardson told Smith. “I said he shouldn’t be defined as a Hispanic. I’m a Hispanic. I don’t define myself as just Hispanic.”

He said his comments were “misinterpreted.”

Smith followed up by noting that the political ideologies of the former New Mexico governor and the Texas senator vary starkly.

“We disagree on immigration but all I was saying was I don’t consider myself just a Hispanic and he shouldn’t be defined as just a Hispanic,” said Richardson. “We’re other things, that’s what I said.”

In the meantime, Cruz responded to Richardson.

Hard to argue against someone when he passionately defends his family.

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Say what you will about Cruz. In this case, he has every right to defend his identity. Yet Richardson’s point about Cruz not favoring what most U.S. Latino voters support when it comes to immigration reform is also correct. Richardson’s mistake was that he took it too far. He should have known better.

PS And before you all comment on the irony of Richardson’s last name, his dad was half-Anglo and half-Mexican, while his mom was born in Mexico to a Spanish dad and a Mexican mother.

Conservatives to Heritage Foundation Immigration Study: #NoMames

Talk about a resounding #NoMames rejection of today’s Heritage Foundation report, entitled “The Fiscal Cost of Unlawful Immigrants and Amnesty to the U.S. Taxpayer.” We’re talking the Cato Institute, Americans for Tax Reform, the Kemp Foundation, and the American Action Forum, to name a few.

In short, the entire premise of the report from Heritage was this: more immigrants mean more entitlement spending, which means more burdens on taxpayers. The fear-mongering theory is so defeatist that it is laughable. It makes the assumption that people in other parts of the world would be willing to leave their home countries so they can get U.S. government handouts. Forget the idea of trying to work hard and make it in the U.S. It is also assumes that the estimated 11 million undocumented individuals in this country will immediately be added to the welfare rolls.

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First up is ATR’s Josh Culling:

The Heritage Foundation is a treasured ally in the conservative movement and a pillar of the conservative policy community. However, this study is every bit as flawed as its 2007 iteration.

This static analysis takes into account none of the universally-accepted economic benefits of immigration, choosing only to focus on costs. But the costs estimates are unfairly inflated. The authors count overall household costs, which often includes benefits paid to native-born, low-income American spouses and children of immigrants. Those costs would exist regardless of the immigration status of one’s partner; this is an indictment of our current welfare state, not proposed immigration reforms.

ATR has worked tirelessly to reform our unsustainable entitlements, and will continue to do so. We should not put a pro-growth reform of our broken immigration system on hold while we do so. In fact, America should welcome more legal immigrants to pay into the system without receiving benefits and boost the economy while we work toward sustainable reform.

Lawmakers and the American public should rely on an accurate accounting of immigration reform’s costs and benefits. Unfortunately, this study inaccurately reflects only one side of the ledger. Even the establishment Congressional Budget Office, which Heritage, ATR, and others have excoriated for employing only static models, will take economic growth into account when it scores the bill. I had hoped the same of the conservative movement’s happy warrior for dynamic scoring, the Heritage Foundation.

Next up is Cato’s Alex Nowrasteh, who predicted a month ago that Heritage’s 2013 report would be flawed and basically said the same thing two days before the 2013 report was released:

The key flaw in Heritage’s 2007 study is its use of static fiscal scoring, rather than dynamic fiscal scoring, to evaluate that year’s immigration reform bill. “Scoring” a bill means predicting its impact on the U.S. budget in the future by estimating how it will affect future spending and tax revenue. A statically scored prediction assumes the bill will not affect the rest of the economy – which is highly unrealistic.

A dynamically scored prediction, on the other hand, assumes that the bill will affect the rest of the economy, also changing tax revenue and government spending. Since increased immigration will increase the size of the economy, it will also increase tax revenue and some government spending. It’s important to factor those increases into any scoring model. Heritage’s 2007 study did not.

The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) has adopted dynamic scoring for the coming immigration bill for reasons they explain here.

Jimmy Kemp, Jack Kemp’s son, said the following, according to the Washington Post:

“My dad was a significant supporter of immigration reform.” Objecting strenuously to the idea that immigration reform weakens the economy by adding workers, he exclaimed, “People are not a drain on society.” Saying it was “surprising they took a static approach,” he said bluntly, “You can’t lead from a place of fear.”

And then there is this infographic from the American Action Forum:

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The AAF’s Douglas Holtz-Eakin was also pretty blunt today in response to the Heritage study. As the Post article states:

The prize for candor, though, went to American Action Forum’s Douglas Holtz-Eakin, who stated flatly, “It really misleads.” Without dynamic scoring, H1-B visas, a guest worker program, and the other economic pluses from immigration reform and with a load of ludicrous assumptions (e.g. everyone would qualify for government benefits and take them) Heritage, he said, “gets a really big number.” He continued in describing the Heritage view of immigrants, “There is no American dream. They start in poverty. They end in poverty. Their kids are in poverty.”

Finally, the Post also got a reaction from Mario López of Hispanic Leadership Fund:

Why are these conservative heavyweights so exercised? It is not merely about immigration. Mario Lopez from the Hispanic Leadership Fund said, “There is a reason why dynamic scoring is important. In a word, it’s capitalism.” Citing former Heritage chief Ed Feulner and Nobel Prize winner Milton Friedman he bemoaned Heritage for setting a bad precedent and succumbing to a view that more people mean only costs, poverty, government benefits and higher unemployment.

So the criticism has been extremely consistent, yet reports like Heritage’s are just part of a narrative that has been around for decades: that all immigrants put an economic strain on a government. However, this time around, many influential conservatives are speaking out, even one of the authors of the 2007 Heritage study. He basically slams the 2013 report with pure wonkiness:

A new Special Report from the Heritage Foundation has come to my attention, and I am disappointed in its poor quality. Heritage.org asserts on its main page in the biggest font I have ever seen (and I worked there for years) “The COST of Amnesty TO YOU > $6.3 Trillion.”  Here we go.

It must be remembered that the same analysis was done by the same author in 2007, then warning the cost of amnesty was $2.6 Trillion (HT Andrew Stiles). But the current report indicates that the status quo cost of unlawful immigrant households is roughly half of the amnesty cost, which means YOU are already paying $3.15 Trillion. By this logic, the status quo (thanks to inaction six years ago) is more expensive than if reform had passed in 2007, to the tune of half a trillion dollars. The pileup of outlandish Heritage estimates presents a credibility hurdle.

One is left to wonder who will still stand by Heritage on this issue, because they just got schooled by their own family today.

Marco Rubio Doesn’t Think Using America’s Voice #GangofHate Applies

Twitter is now the go-to place to confront each other in public, especially when it comes to the ongoing debate on immigration reform. Today is no different, as you will see from the following thread which started when the Twitter profile of America’s Voice, a pro-immigration DC group, got a tweet back from the Twitter profile of Senator Marco Rubio for using the hashtag #GangofHate when describing certain senators who are not really that into the current immigration reform bill from the Gang of Eight, which is currently in markup phase.

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It all started a few days ago with this (and an announcement to the press):

It then moved to this:

Soon it started to make the DC circles:

Another Jeff Sessions tweet, whom we think is probably the ringleader of the anti-immigration vote:

The tweets got more frequent today:

Which finally led to this:

Granted, the Rubio tweet had a typo, but you get the point. Rubio’s tweet then led to these tweets:

Just another day in the immigration debate. It really will never end.

VIDEO: When the U.S. Was Conqueror of Mexico

Yesterday CBS’ “Sunday Morning” did a seven-minute segment about a war that is rarely talked about: the Mexican-American War. It is a war that literally changed the landscape of the North American continent. It is a war whose consequences still resonate today. A war based on a lie.

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As the show’s official site says: “For the U.S., the Mexican-American War expanded its territory as a victory of manifest destiny; for Mexicans, the “American Invasion” still stirs emotions 165 years later. Mo Rocca traveled to Mexico City and the site of the Battle of Chapultepec to learn about a ‘forgotten war’ that helped determine the fate of North America.” Here is the whole segment, in case you missed it.

“Zeitgeist: Moving Forward:” A Film Everyone Should See

Here is the full movie for “Zeitgeist: Moving Forward.”

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Anyone who wants to think critically about how our society has been formed, should see this movie. Since 2011, the YouTube version alone has gotten over 20 million views.


For more about the film, visit its official site here. You can also watch the following mini-documentary with Peter Joseph, the film’s creator.

The Boston Globe’s Kevin Cullen is Definitely a Rebelde: His Latest Piece on Immigrants Schools Them All

Kevin Cullen = Rebelde.

Today, the Boston Globe columnist wrote a stunning piece called “Heroes on our shores”. We have read it about three times already, and you should read the whole piece here. Cullen completely gets it, this whole anti-immigrant tone that the Boston Marathon bombings has generated, either through the media or through politicians who have used this tragedy for political purposes.

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Cullen’s gritty style triumphs in this piece, and these two following excerpts particularly stand out for us. Here is the first one:

But using that atrocity to score cheap, partisan political points is more than tawdry. It exploits a national tragedy, and local suffering, to the point that it dishonors the dead. It dishonors the wounded and our heroic first responders and our marvelous medical community who saved so many lives, many of whom are the children and grandchildren of immigrants.

For all you who think that what happened on Patriots Day means we should seal up our borders and turn inward and look at foreigners with suspicion, congratulations, because you are doing exactly what the bombers wanted.

They wanted to divide us.

They wanted us to turn on each other.

But we didn’t do that. We didn’t turn on each other. We turned, as Governor Patrick put it, toward each other. The firefighters from Engine 7, the police officers from District 4, the EMTs and paramedics from the city’s Emergency Medical Services, ran toward the explosions. They didn’t check people’s identification before they decided whose life to save. They didn’t save Americans first, and foreigners second.

The doctors and nurses and all the great medical people who triaged the wounded in the tent on Boylston Street didn’t ask the wounded for their passports before they saved their lives. The people who received the wounded at our hospitals didn’t ask the nationality of their patients before sticking an IV in their arms.

Remember that iconic photo of the guy in the cowboy hat, pinching Jeff Bauman’s femoral artery shut so he wouldn’t bleed to death? That guy in the cowboy hat is named Carlos Arredondo. When I saw him at the Celtics game on Sunday I gave him a hug. When they put Carlos’s image up on the jumbotron, the Garden went crazy.

Carlos Arredondo was an illegal immigrant from Costa Rica. After his son, a Marine, was killed in action in Iraq, Carlos was granted American citizenship. That’s a high price to pay for legal residency. And I guess there are some people in this world who think Carlos should have been deported.

I’m glad he wasn’t deported. Jeff Bauman is alive because he wasn’t deported.

And here is the conclusion:

…Contrary to the xenophobic, small-minded prattling of tabloids and talk shows, most immigrants come here to work, to have a better life, to breathe in the freedom and the opportunity that is at the root of this nation’s greatness. The vast majority are not here to mooch off the rest of us. They want the same life we have. They are, no matter where they come from, aspirational Americans.

We are a nation of immigrants, and we have allowed our immigration system to descend into a shambles. A fine legacy to the attack on us by immigrants who spurned our tolerance and generosity would be to make life better for the vast majority of immigrants who love this country as much as the native born.

Kevin Cullen keeps it real, as he always has and will continue to do so. You can follow him on Twitter at @GlobeCullen.

Yes, Gabriel Gómez’s GOP Primary Win in Massachusetts Senate Race Is a Big Deal

Last night in Massachusetts, Gabriel Gómez made history, becoming the first Latino to win a U.S. senate primary in a state that has rarely been known for its strong Latino population. In fact, Gómez is the first Latino to win any statewide primary. While some criticized Gómez for launching his campaign by speaking Spanish, in the end Gómez took 51% of the state’s GOP primary vote to easily defeat opponents Michael J. Sullivan (36%) and Dan Winslow (13%).

Granted, in a state as blue as Massachusetts, Gómez only garnered 88,928 votes, compared to Democratic primary winner Rep. Ed Markey, who took 294,602 votes, and Democratic runner-up Rep. Stephen Lynch (218,387 votes). Voter turnout was very low, since the state is still in a post-Marathon haze. But the rules are the rules, and Gómez won. He is now the state’s Republican candidate for the Senate. And like the Globe said today, even though Democrats outnumber Republicans by a 3:1 margin, close to 53% of all the state’s voters are unenrolled.

Gómez’s story is that he is not a politician, having been a Navy Seal and a successful private equity businessman. So in a lot of ways Gómez is like former senator Scott Brown, the good-looking anti-politician. Gómez also grew up in Los Angeles, the son of Colombian immigrants. As his bio states, “With his mother only knowing a few words of English, Gabriel grew up speaking Spanish before learning English. Like so many other new American families, his parents overcame hardships to create a better life for their children. Gabriel’s upbringing in a grateful, first generation American family instilled in him a duty to give back to his country and led him to successfully seek appointment to the United States Naval Academy. Graduating from Annapolis with merit, Gabriel began his Navy service by earning an invitation to flight school and quickly earned his wings. Gabriel served the country flying E2-C Hawkeyes and C2-A Greyhounds off aircraft carriers.” Damn. You can’t make this up.

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So, the narrative is set. Latino Republican candidate who made Massachusetts history against a career Democratic congressman who has served his constituents since 1977. While many are already saying that Markey will win easily, it is pretty clear that of all the candidates Markey’s campaign wanted to run against, Gómez was the last choice. All of a sudden, the Latino GOP candidate will get national attention. It will be really hard to peg Gómez as a member of the “extreme right,” and as the Globe writes, GOP strategists know that they have a good thing with Gómez.

“He’s a Republican, Hispanic, who comes across as moderate,” said James Innocenzi, a Virginia-based Republican strategist. “And right now the party is going after every Hispanic they can, realizing what happened in the presidential. He could emerge as a sort of marquee Hispanic candidate.”

Innocenzi added: “If it’s competitive, money will show up out of nowhere. If the general election is competitive, ­Republicans see a chance to steal a seat, and you could see a lot of money coming into ­Boston.”

Republicans wasted no time positioning Gomez as a natural heir to Brown’s upset legacy.

“You’re hitting all sevens in the slot machine once again,” said Ron Bonjean, a Republican public affairs specialist in Washington, D.C. “This time you have a Hispanic Republican who has the potential for staying power in Massachusetts. Brown won, and lost his election. [Gomez] would have the potential to stick around for longer.”

So who knows where this will go, but yeah, it is still a big deal in Massachusetts, and it will become a big deal for the GOP as well. Better Latino outreach has to start somewhere. Who knows if Gómez is the answer, but he will get noticed.

***

Julio (Julito) Ricardo Varela (@julito77 on Twitter) founded LatinoRebels.com (part of Latino Rebels, LLC) in May, 2011 and proceeded to open it up to about 20 like-minded Rebeldes. His personal blog, juliorvarela.com, has been active since 2008 and is widely read in Puerto Rico and beyond. He pens columns on LR regularly. In the last 12 months, Julito represented the Rebeldes on CBS’ Face the NationNPR,  UnivisionForbesand The New York Times.

Genocide Trial Still Suspended: Supporters Remain Hopeful, Public Dialogue Continues

NISGUA (Network in Solidarity with the People of Guatemala) filed the following report of the genocide trial of former dictator Efraín Ríos Montt and ex-intelligence chief Mauricio Rodriguez Sánchez in Guatemala City. They have given us permission to republish all their reports about this historic trial.

NISGUA continues ongoing coverage of the trial in Guatemala of Efraín Rios Montt and Mauricio Rodríguez Sánchez for genocide and crimes against humanity.

The air in Guatemala is tensely optimistic as various injunctions and appeals related to the fate of the genocide trial are one by one being resolved in Guatemalan courts. The genocide trial has been suspended for just over one week and both Guatemalan civil society and the international community have reacted with widespread popular response. Energy remains high and hope holds strong that the trial quickly resumes.

Survivors gather in vigil on Thursday, April 18.

Following Judge Flores’ shocking resolution on April 18 ordering an annulment of the genocide trial proceedings, survivors gathered together in vigil to call for the trial to continue and also to name the impunity at work behind Flores’ decision. In the aftermath of the decision, the CICIG and the Attorney General’s office qualified the Flores decision as illegal and the next day Judge Barrios followed suit, stating her court would not comply with illegal resolutions. Barrios was, however, forced to temporarily suspend the trial while the Constitutional Court resolves Flores’ resolution and other outstanding issues.

Surrounding these recent events, the hashtag phrase #SiHuboGenocidio(#YesItWasGenocide) has swept the top Guatemalan Twitter trends several days in a row. Guatemalans shared family stories, facts and figures, personal declarations and political statements, in an incredible show of public discourse on the topic of genocide in Guatemala. The international community swiftly followed the example and the topic has become a popular forum for dialogue –see the trend in-action for yourself!

A physical display of tweets pulled from the #SíHuboGenocidio Twitter trend meets the crowd outside Judge Barrios’ courtroom on Friday, April 19.

Survivors and supporters marched to the CC later Friday morning to demand a quick resolution by the Court. Photo: James Rodríguez.

See more of his beautiful photo-essay of the demonstration here.

While popular opinion on the Guatemalan genocide trial is not new, the Twitter phenomenon highlights a new level of conversation being seen in the public arena. An outpouring of support for the trial proceedings has taken place in the form of statements from international experts, organizations and diplomats, sign-on letters from Guatemalan and international organizations and civil society petitions and pledges, all urging the Guatemalan justice system to allow the trial to conclude.

An off-season rain poured on Guatemala City late Friday night and into the next morning but it did not stop genocide trial supporters from gathering in a press conference on Saturday, April 20 to continue to pressure the Constitutional Court. Rigoberta Menchú Tum described the scene, “We are gathered here together today, a day in which even the sky has cried with us.” Others interpreted the unusual rain as a sign of cleansing, especially in the context of impunity and corrupt decision-making. Association for Justice and Reconciliation President Benjamin Jerónimo told the crowd, “We continue our search for justice, a justice that is fair. We don’t want a dark or dirty justice.”

Since it first became apparent the trial proceedings were at risk, an atmosphere of uncertainty has loomed over the outcome of the genocide case trial. Will the trial continue or not? Will the trial restart from where it left off or will it go back to an earlier date? In spite of these questions, CALDH lawyers assured the public, “This is a setback for justice, for the victims, but this is not a defeat.”

On Tuesday, April 21, misinformation won the day when erroneous reports flooded Guatemalan and international press stating the trial had been officially annulled. Tuesday morning, approximately 50 buses brought Ixiles from Quiché to Guatemala City for a protest in denial of genocide. A number of Ixil members of the group reported being manipulated to hold signs and banners in protest of the genocide trial. They had been promised fertilizer and only upon arriving in the capital city were informed of the real motive behind the caravan. Ricardo Méndez Ruíz, director of Guatemala’s Foundation Against Terrorism, was visibly present amongst the demonstrators and later gave troubling declarations about imminent violence.

Throughout last week, Guatemalan press and genocide trial supporters rushed to the Constitutional Court at any mention of a resolution announcement. On Thursday, April 23, the prosecution team received a resolution from the CC and met an anxious crowd outside only to explain that Judge Flores still had to rule on evidence that was previously rejected by Judge Gálvez. On Friday, she did just that and accepted said evidence. While the genocide trial is rumored to restart at any moment, there are a multitude of legal motions still in play that need sorting out.

A human wall of women holding “Sí hubo genocidio” signs set
the scene for a demonstration in front of the CC on April 26.

 

Genocide trial supporters join ceremonies honoring Bishop Gerardi on the 15th anniversary of his murder.

On Friday, April 26, genocide trial supporters banded together once again in front of the Constitutional Court. In a show of cross-movement solidarity, supporters marched to Guatemala’s Metropolitan Cathedral to join the commemoration of Bishop Juan Gerardi’s 1998 assassination. Bishop Gerardi was murdered two days after publicly presenting the REMHI truth commission report revealing that state security forces were responsible for 93% of killings and massacres during the internal armed conflict. Bishop Gerardi is honored as a defender of truth and justice.

The Coalition of Immokalee Workers (http://www.ciw-online.org/) stand in solidarity with justice for Guatemala.

Outside of Guatemala, visual support for the trial keeps flowing in as our ongoing photo campaign in support of justice for genocide continues to grow. In another beautiful demonstration of cross-movement solidarity, the Florida-based worker and immigrant rights organization, the Coalition of Immokalee workers, demonstrate their support for justice for genocide. See the slideshow of the full photo album and take your own photo of support today!

NISGUA has provided human rights accompaniment to the witness’ organization, the Association for Justice and Reconciliation, and their lawyers, the Center for Human Rights Legal Action since 2000. We will continue to bear witness to the truth and bravery of these survivors throughout this historic trial. To bear witness with us, stay tuned to our ongoing live Twitter coverage @NISGUA_Guate, like ourFacebook page and sign up for email updates.

Governor García Padilla Criticizes Pierluisi for Statehood Bill

SAN JUAN—After the New Progressive Party (PNP) announced yesterday that they would be working with Resident Commissioner Pedro Pierluisi (D) to promote a statehood bill for Puerto Rico, governor Alejandro Garcia Padilla (D) criticized the entire announcement in a radio interview with local NotiUNO 630 AM.

Alejandro García Padilla

Governor Alejandro García Padilla

García Padilla, who heads up the island’s pro-commonwealth Popular Democratic Party (PDP), told NotiUNO the followng: “The PNP is in a different direction than [President] Obama”, making a reference to the bill proposed by Pierluisi, and the announcement of a proposed federal budget for a new plebiscite.

Both Pierlusi and García Padilla are members of the Democratic Party, and while García Padilla governs Puerto Rico, Pierluisi represents Puerto Rico in Washington as a non-voting member of Congress. The political gamesmanship has become quite evident. So far, there are no signs of it slowing down. For example, right after García Padilla’s interview, one of the main PNP Twitter accounts, Alerta Progresista, called the governor a liar, and linked to a December 4, 2012 news article by ABC titled: “White House ‘Clarifies’ Puerto Rico Stance: Majority Backed Statehood.”

The ABC News article includes a statement from White House spokesperson Luis Miranda: “To clarify, the results were clear, the people of Puerto Rico want the issue of status resolved, and the majority chose statehood in the second question. Now it is time for Congress to act and the administration will work with them on that effort, so that the people of Puerto Rico can determine their own future.”

According to the precedent of the Northwest Ordinance, as well as the U.S. Constitution, it is Congress, and not the President of the United States, who addresses the issue of admitting new states into the Union. The Northwest Ordinance states that after a bill is submitted and approved by Congress, a territory must again vote to accept the terms imposed by Congress for admittance into the Union. These terms must be equal to the terms of previously admitted states.

On various occasions García Padilla has been highly critical of last November’s plebiscite results and was proposing a Constitutional Assembly to resolve the status issue, right up until President Obama announced the budget for a proposed new plebiscite.